A Journalist's Guide to Sexual and Reproductive Health in East Africa
This PRB media guide brings together the latest available data on sexual and reproductive health for five East African countries—Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda—to help journalists educate the public and policymakers on these issues. (November 2009)

Africa Faces Mixed Progress, Daunting Challenges, in Improving Population Well-Being
Fertility has declined in many African countries from highs of six or seven children per woman down to about five children on average. But although African women use family planning more and bear fewer children, the continent's youthful population will fuel the continent's growth for many decades to come. Africa's 2008 population of 967 million is projected to grow to 1.9 billion by 2050, according to the 2008 Africa Population Data Sheet, published by the Population Reference Bureau and the African Population and Health Research Center. (October 2008)

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Data and Trends

Female genital mutilation/cutting poses serious physical and mental health risks for women and young girls, especially for women who have undergone extreme forms of the procedure. According to a Population Reference Bureau data sheet, an estimated 100 million to 140 million girls and women worldwide have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting and more than 3 million girls are at risk for cutting each year on the African continent alone. (September 2008)

Population's Role in the Current Food Crisis: Focus on East Africa
The prices of agricultural commodities, including staples of many African diets, have risen sharply over the last several years. Since 2005, the prices of maize and wheat have doubled, and the price of rice has now reached unprecedented levels in several East African countries. According to the World Bank, FAO, and USDA, rising prices are likely to persist through 2015. Population plays an important role in the food crisis. In addition to the numbers of people, migration patterns, rising consumption, and HIV/AIDS prevalence affect the demand and supply of food. (August 2008)

Women Prevail Against Violence
Mama Joyce and Josephine are unlikely heroines. Both women were brought low by abusive husbands who beat them, took away their dignity and choices, and left them with AIDS. Yet both women emerged as heroines in "SASA! A Film About Women, Violence and HIV/AIDS." This film tells the story of how these courageous women triumphed over gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS and gained power that helped them organize, become activists in their communities, and build meaningful and rewarding lives. (January 2008)

Integrating Population, Health, and Environment in Tanzania
This policy brief, Integrating Population, Health, and Environment in Tanzania, is based on the Tanzania PHE assessment written in 2007 by Dr. N.F. Madulu, formerly of the Institute of Resource Assessment/University of Dar es Salaam, and the members of the Tanzania PHE assessment team. The methods used to conduct the assessment in Tanzania included a review of relevant policies, laws, and project documents; key informant interviews; and field visits to case study sites. (November 2007)

Population, Health, and Environment Assessments in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania
The integrated population-health-environment approach to development recognizes the interconnectedness between people and their environment and supports cross-sectoral collaboration and coordination. Three policy briefs highlight assessments of this PHE collaboration and coordination in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. (November 2007)

Community Theater and Peer Education Help Tanzanians Discuss HIV and Gender-Based Violence
Cheza Chezeka is unfaithful to his partner, engages in unsafe sex, and acquires a sexually transmitted infection. Fikirini, on the other hand, learns how to communicate and resist sexual temptation and peer pressure. Tino Mashakani abuses his girlfriend and brags about his violent behavior to his friends until one of them steps forward with advice on how to stop the violence. Each of these dramatic characters was developed by the Tuelimishane project in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tuelimishane used community-based theater and peer education to heighten awareness of HIV and gender-based violence and change behaviors. (September 2007)

Guidelines for Mitigating the Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Coastal Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management
To combat the threats of HIV/AIDS and ecological decline, this report describes the problems that lie at the intersection between AIDS, gender, population, and coastal biodiversity conservation and resource management. The report then recommends ways to reduce HIV prevalence and help mitigate AIDS’s negative impact on the environment. (April 2007)

What Can Be Done to Protect the Chimpanzees and Other Great Apes of Africa?
Solutions include limiting the number of tourists each day who are allowed to observe chimpanzees, addressing the health and livelihood needs of local communities through community development projects, and mobilizing the international conservation community to develop and enforce stronger, more effective protection policies. (August 2006)

Why the Chimpanzees of Gombe National Park Are in Jeopardy
The chimpanzee population of Gombe National Park in northwestern Tanzania has dropped from about 150 four decades ago to approximately 90 today, while human population growth in the region and specifically around the park has soared. Either habitat loss or regularly occurring disease outbreaks can precipitate such significant animal population declines—but when both come into play, the results can be especially devastating. (July 2006)

PRB-UNFPA Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health 2005
PRB and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have jointly published the Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health: Policy Developments and Indicators 2005. The volume, which updates the 2003 edition, contains national and subnational indicators on the demographic and social situation in 163 countries and subregions. (March 2006)

In Coastal Tanzania, A Vicious Spiral of HIV/AIDS, Poverty, Gender Inequity, and Natural Resource Degradation
Traditional gender roles and a lack of livelihood diversification are exacerbating the intergrated dynamics of these issues. (July 2005)

Tanzania and HIV/AIDS (PDF: 376KB)
This booklet, which summarizes key findings on HIV/AIDS for the country of Tanzania, is based on surveys and other studies conducted over the past decade in Tanzania. (March 2004)

Once an Urban Phenomenon, HIV/AIDS Threatens Lives and Livelihoods of Rural Communities
AIDS-related deaths among farm workers threaten agricultural production and food security, most notably in southern and eastern Africa. (August 2003)

The Status of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
With only 11 percent of the world's population, sub-Saharan Africa is the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The worst-affected countries form an "AIDS belt" across eastern and southern Africa. (July 2002)

African Mayors Help Lead a Broad Response to HIV/AIDS
The Alliance of Mayors and Municipal Leaders on HIV/AIDS in Africa aims to limit the spread of the virus and decrease the social and economic impact of the epidemic in their communities. (June 2002)